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8 results · Showing 1–8
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The Haitian Revolution: Freedom and Its Unfinished Struggles
When
1789–1825 CE
Age of Revolutions
Where
Caribbean
Haiti today
A slave colony became an independent country. Its history joins a decisive destruction of ownership to continuing struggles over work, citizenship, power and recognition.
France linked recognition to compensation for former colonists and preferential trade. A threat backed by warships became a financial burden that reached beyond one agreement.
Independence defended emancipation against France. The new state still had to decide who belonged, who governed and how land, labour and security would be organised.
Napoleon’s Expedition and the War for Haitian Independence
When
1802–1804 CE
Age of Revolutions
Where
Caribbean
Haiti today
French forces gained ports and secured commanders’ submissions in 1802. They still failed to end resistance or make their promises about freedom credible.
Toussaint Louverture: Leadership, Labour and Power
When
1791–1803 CE
Age of Revolutions
Where
Caribbean
Haiti · Dominican Republic · France today
Louverture defended emancipation while building a powerful state and enforcing plantation work. His career exposes the difficult choices within a collective revolution.
The Uprising of 1791: How the Haitian Revolution Began
When
1791–1794 CE
Age of Revolutions
Where
Caribbean
Haiti today
Plantation fires announced a challenge that the colonial authorities could not contain. Organisation, political division and contested hopes made an uprising into a revolution.
A person could be free and wealthy yet face racial exclusion. Another could be claimed as property. Revolutionary equality threatened different parts of this unequal order.
Life and Forced Labour on Saint-Domingue’s Plantations
When
c. 1780–1791 CE
Age of Revolutions
Where
Caribbean
Haiti today
Sugar and coffee reached Atlantic markets through coerced work. Behind the exports were people making families, finding food and seeking room to act under slavery.
